Ugusenyuka ni kimwe mu bintu bihambaye cane bituma .umuvudukoIngorane. Ku bw’ivyo, mu 2012.umuvudukouburinzi, valve anti-corrosion ni ikibazo gihambaye co kwiyumvira.
IgikoreshoUburyo bwo gusenyuka
Ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma ahanini guterwa n’ugusenyuka kw’imiti n’ugusenyuka kw’imiti y’umuyagankuba, kandi ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho bitagira ivyuma muri rusangi guterwa n’ibikorwa vy’imiti n’ivy’umubiri bitaziguye.
1. Ugusenyuka kw'imiti
Iyo ata n’umuriro uva, ibintu bikikije birakorana ata guca ku ruhande n’ico cuma maze bikagisenya, nk’ugusenyuka kw’icuma kubera gaze yumye y’ubushuhe bwinshi be n’umuti udakorana n’umuyagankuba.
2. Ugusenyuka kw'ivyuma
Ico cuma gikorana n’ivyo bikoresho bikorana n’umuyagankuba, bikaba bituma habaho ugutemba kw’ama electrons, ivyo bikaba bituma coshobora kwononekara kubera igikorwa c’umuyagankuba, ari co kintu nyamukuru gitera uburozi.
Ugusenyuka kw’umunyu w’aside-base, ugusenyuka kw’ikirere, ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka, ugusenyuka kw’amazi y’ikiyaga, ugusenyuka kw’imigera, ugusenyuka kw’ibinogo n’ugusenyuka kw’imirongo y’ivyuma bitagira ibara, n’ibindi, vyose ni ugusenyuka kw’amashanyarazi. Electrochemical corrosion ntiba gusa hagati y'ibintu bibiri bishobora kugira uruhara rw'imiti, ariko kandi ivyara itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ivyiyumviro vy'umuti, itandukaniro ry'ivyiyumviro vy'umwuka w'ikirere, itandukaniro ritoyi ry'imiterere y'ikintu, n'ibindi, kandi bironka ububasha bw'ugusenyuka, ku buryo icuma gifise ubushobozi buke bw'izuba n'izuba.
Igipimo c'ugusenyuka kw'imipfunda
Igipimo c’ugusenyuka gishobora guca mu bice bitandatu:
(1) Ishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka: igitigiri c’ugusenyuka kiri munsi ya 0,001 mm/umwaka .
(2) Ishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka cane: igipimo c’ugusenyuka 0,001 gushika kuri 0,01 mm/umwaka
(3) Uguhangana n’ugusenyuka: igipimo c’ugusenyuka 0,01 gushika kuri 0,1 mm/umwaka
(4) Iguma ishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka: igipimo c’ugusenyuka 0,1 gushika kuri 1,0 mm/umwaka
(5) Uguhangana nabi n’ugusenyuka: igipimo c’ugusenyuka 1,0 gushika kuri 10 mm/umwaka
(6) Ntiyishobora gusenyuka: igitigiri c’ugusenyuka ni kinini kuruta milimetero 10/umwaka
Ingingo icenda zo kurwanya uburozi
1. Hitamwo ibikoresho bidashobora gusenyuka bivanye n’ivyo bishobora gusenyuka
Mu guhingura nyavyo, ugusenyuka kw’ivyo bikoresho biragoye cane, naho nyene ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bimwe vyoba ari bimwe, ivyiyumviro, ubushuhe n’umuvuduko w’ivyo bikoresho biratandukanye, kandi ukubora kw’ivyo bikoresho ku bikoresho si kumwe. Igihe cose ubushuhe buringaniye bwongerekanye 10°C, igitigiri c’ugusenyuka kirongerekana incuro nka 1~3.
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bifise ingaruka nyinshi ku gusenyuka kw’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma, nk’aho ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro biri muri aside sulfurique bifise ivyiyumviro bike, ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri biba bito cane, kandi iyo ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri birenze 96%, ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri biraduga cane. Ku ruhande rumwe, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba biragira ububabare bukomeye cane iyo aside sulfurique iri nk’ibice 50 kw’ijana, kandi iyo iyo aside igwiriye ikagera ku bice birenga 60%, ububabare buragabanuka cane. Nk’akarorero, aluminium irashobora gusenyuka cane mu aside nitrique yihariye ifise ivyiyumviro birenga 80%, ariko irashobora gusenyuka cane iyo ifise aside nitrique iri hagati n’iyirengeye, kandi icuma kitagira ibara kirashobora guhangana cane n’aside nitrique iyunguruye, ariko irarushiriza gusenyuka mu aside nitrique irengeye 95%.
Uhereye ku ngero zivuzwe haruguru, birashoboka ko guhitamwo neza ibikoresho vy’amavalve bikwiye gushingiye ku bintu vyihariye, gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye bigira ico bikoze ku gusenyuka, no guhitamwo ibikoresho hakurikijwe ibitabu vyerekeye ukurwanya ugusenyuka.
2. Koresha ibikoresho bitari ivyuma
Ivyuma bitagira ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka ni vyiza cane, igihe cose ubushuhe n’inguvu z’ivyo bikoresho bihuye n’ibisabwa n’ibikoresho bitagira ivyuma, ntibishobora gutorera umuti ingorane y’ugusenyuka gusa, ariko kandi birazigama ivyuma vy’agaciro. Umubiri w’ivalve, igipfukisho, igipfukisho, ahantu hakingira n’ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa cane bitagira ivyuma birakorwa.
Ivyuma nka PTFE na chlorinated polyether, hamwe n’imipira kamere, neoprene, nitrile n’ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupfuka amavalve, kandi umubiri nyamukuru w’igipfukisho c’umubiri w’amavalve ukozwe mu cuma gicuzwe n’icuma ca carbone. Ntibituma gusa umupfunda ukora neza, ariko kandi bituma umupfunda udasenyuka.
Muri iki gihe, hakoreshwa amapulasitike menshi cane nka nylon na PTFE, kandi hakoreshwa imipira kamere n’imipira ikozwe mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye vyo gukingira n’ibizingiti vyo gukingira, ivyo bikaba bikoreshwa ku bipfukisho bitandukanye. Ivyo bikoresho bitagira ivyuma bikoreshwa nk’ibikoresho vyo gukingira ntibifise gusa ubushobozi bwo gukingira uburozi, ariko kandi birafise ubushobozi bwo gukingira neza, ivyo bikaba ari vyiza cane gukoreshwa mu bimenyeshamakuru bifise ibihimba. Ego ni ko, ntizikomeye cane kandi ntizishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe, kandi n’aho zikoreshwa ni nke.
3. Gusukura ivyuma ku ruhande
(1) Ugufatanya amavalve: Inzoka y’uguhuza amavalve ikunda gukoreshwa n’ugutera ivyuma, gutera chrome, no gutera oxidation (ubururu) kugira ngo ishobore kunanira uburozi buva mu kirere no mu bidukikije. Uretse uburyo twavuze haruguru, n’ibindi bikoresho bifatanya na vyo nyene birakoreshwa n’ibindi bikoresho vyo ku ruhande nk’ugutera ivyatsi bivanye n’ingene bimeze.
(2) Gukingira ahantu n’ibice vyugaye bifise umurongo mutoyi: uburyo bwo gukingira ahantu nk’ugutera nitriding na boronizing burakoreshwa kugira ngo bube bwiza bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka no guhangana n’ugusambuka.
(3) Igiti kirwanya uburozi: gutera nitride, boronization, chrome, nickel n’ibindi bikoresho vyo gutera imbere birakoreshwa cane kugira ngo bishobore guhangana n’ugusenyuka, guhangana n’ugusenyuka no guhangana n’ugusenyuka.
Ivyuma bitandukanye vyo ku ruhande bikwiye kuba vyiza ku bikoresho bitandukanye vy’uruti n’ibidukikije bikoreramwo, mu kirere, amazi y’umwotsi hagati n’uruti rwo gupakira amabuye y’agaciro, bishobora gukoresha ivyuma bikomeye vy’ibara ry’agahama, uburyo bwo gutera gazi (ivyuma bitagira ibara ntibikwiye gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera ion nitriding): mu kirere gifise ivyuma vy’ihydrogène sulfire co gukora neza kuruta mu gukingira; 38CrMOAIA ishobora kandi guhangana n’ugusenyuka biciye ku gutera nitride y’iyon na gazi, ariko gupfuka ivyuma bikomeye vy’i chrome ntibibereye gukoreshwa; 2Cr13 ishobora kunanira uburozi bwa amoniya inyuma yo kuzima no gutera, kandi icuma ca carbone gikoresheje gaze nitriding na co nyene gishobora kunanira uburozi bwa amoniya, mu gihe ivyumba vyose vy’ugupfuka phosphorus-nickel bitashobora kunanira uburozi bwa amoniya, kandi gazi nitriding 38CrMOAIA ikintu gifise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n’uburozi kandi comprehen stems.
(4) Umubiri w’ivyo bikoresho bifise uburemere butoyi be n’uruziga rw’ukuboko: Akenshi kandi birashirwako chrome kugira ngo bishobore guhangana n’ugusenyuka no gushaza ivyo bikoresho.
4. Gutera imiti y'ubushuhe
Gutera imiti y’ubushuhe ni ubwoko bw’uburyo bwo gutegura ibintu bipfutse, kandi vyacitse bumwe mu buhinga bushasha bwo gukingira ibikoresho. Ni uburyo bwo gukomeza ubuso bukoresha inkomoko z’ubushuhe bufise inguvu nyinshi (urubeya rw’umuyagankuba, urubeya rw’umuyagankuba, urusenga rw’umuyagankuba, ubushuhe bw’umuyagankuba, uguturika kw’umuyagankuba, n’ibindi) kugira ngo bishushe kandi bifunge ibikoresho vy’ivyuma canke bitari ivy’ivyuma, hanyuma bifumbire ku butaka bw’ishimikiro bwateguwe mbere kugira ngo bube ubushuhe bw’ishimikiro bwatewe imbere y’igihe mu buryo bw’ubushuhe bw’ishimikiro bwateguwe. muri ico gihe nyene, kugira ngo igipfukisho gisubire gusenyuka ku ruhande rw’igipfukisho kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo gukomeza uruhande rw’igipfukisho co gusudira.
Ivyuma vyinshi n’ibindi bihimba vyavyo, ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma n’ivyuma bikomeye bishobora gushirwa ku vyuma canke ku bintu bitagira ivyuma bikoresheje uburyo bumwe canke bwinshi bwo gutera ubushuhe, bishobora gutuma ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka, ivyuma bishobora kwambara, ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’ibindi bikoresho, kandi bikamara igihe kirekire. Thermal spraying special functional coating, n’ubushuhe bwo kwikingira, ubushuhe (canke umuyagankuba udasanzwe), gusya gukingira, kwisiga amavuta, imishwarara y’ubushuhe, uburinzi bw’umuyagankuba n’ibindi bintu bidasanzwe, gukoresha ubushuhe bwo gutera bushobora gusana ibihimba.
5. Gutera irangi
Gupfuka ni uburyo bukoreshwa cane bwo kurwanya uburozi, kandi ni ikintu gihambaye co kurwanya uburozi n’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ibikoresho vy’amavalve. Igipfukisho na co nyene ni ikintu kitari ivyuma, akenshi gikozwe mu mpuzu z’ivyuma, mu mfuruka y’imipira, mu mavuta y’imboga, mu mfuruka y’ivyuma, n’ibindi, bipfuka ivyuma, bitandukanya ivy’imbere n’ikirere, kandi bikaba bishika ku ntumbero yo kurwanya uburozi.
Ivyo gupfuka bikoreshwa cane cane mu mazi, mu mazi y’umunyu, mu mazi y’ikiyaga, mu kirere no mu bindi bidukikije bitagira ubumara bwinshi. Imbere muri iyo valve akenshi isizwe irangi rizibira uburozi kugira ngo amazi, umuyaga n’ibindi bikoresho ntibisenyure iyo valve .
6. Wongeremwo ibibuza uburozi
Uburyo inhibiteurs de corrosion zikoresha mu kugenzura uburozi ni uko zituma bateri igira polarisation. Ivyo gukingira uburozi bikoreshwa cane cane mu bimenyeshamakuru no mu vyuzuza. Kwongerako ibintu bibuza gusenyuka ku bikoresho bishobora gutuma ibikoresho n’ibipfunsi bigenda buhoro, nk’ivyuma bitagira ibara vy’umuringa-nickel mu aside sulfurique idafise umwuka, urutonde runini rw’ugusenyuka rukaja mu rwego rwo guturirwa, uburozi burakomeye cane, ariko kwongerako umubare mutoyi w’ibindi bihimba vy’umuringa bishobora guhindura aside y’umuringa n’ibindi bihimba vy’umuringa bitagira umwuka canke blunt state, ubuso bw’igipande co gukingira kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu gisenyuka, muri aside hydrochlorique, iyo hashizwemwo ikintu gitoyi gitera umuriro, ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma bita titanium birashobora kugabanywa.
Igerageza ry’umuvuduko w’amazi rikoreshwa kenshi nk’uburyo bwo kugerageza umuvuduko, ivyo bikaba vyoroshe gutumaumuvuduko, kandi kwongerako agace gatoyi k’ivyuma bita sodium nitrite mu mazi birashobora gutuma amazi adashobora gusenyura iyo valve. Ivyo gupfunyika amazi y’amabuye y’agaciro (asbestos) birimwo chloride, ivyo bikaba bishobora gutuma igihimba c’umubiri gisenyuka cane, kandi iyo chloride irashobora kugabanywa iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwoza amazi y’umuriro, ariko ubwo buryo buragoye cane gushirwa mu ngiro, kandi ntibushobora gukwiragizwa muri rusangi, kandi burabereye gusa ku bikenewe bidasanzwe.
Kugira ngo umuntu akingire uruti rw’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro kandi ntihagire uburozi bw’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro, mu gupfuka amabuye y’agaciro, ikintu kizibira uburozi n’ivyuma vy’ikimazi birashirwa ku giti c’amabuye y’agaciro, igikoresho co gukingira uburozi gikozwe n’ivyuma bita sodium nitrite na sodium ichromate, bishobora gutuma habaho igihimba c’ivyuma bitera uburozi n’ivyuma bishobora gusenyuka. uruti rw’ivyuma, kandi ikintu gishobora gutuma ikintu kizibira uburozi gisenyuka buhoro buhoro maze kigagira uruhara rwo gutera amavuta; Nkako, zinc na yo nyene ni ikintu kizibira uburozi, gishobora kubanza gufatanya na chloride iri muri asbestos, ku buryo kloride n’akaryo ko gukorana n’ivyuma vy’uruti bigabanywa cane, kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku ntumbero yo kurwanya uburozi.
7. Uburinzi bw'umuyagankuba
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’uburinzi bw’umuyagankuba: uburinzi bw’anode n’uburinzi bwa cathode. Iyo zinc ikoreshejwe mu kurinda icuma, zinc iraboze, zinc yitwa ivyuma vy’ikimazi, mu bikorwa vyo guhingura, uburinzi bwa anode burakoreshwa bike, uburinzi bwa cathode burakoreshwa cane. Ubwo buryo bwo gukingira cathode bukoreshwa ku bikoresho binini binini n’ibikoresho bihambaye, ni uburyo buzimvye, bworoshe kandi bukora neza, kandi zinc yongerwa ku gipapuro c’amabuye y’agaciro yitwa asbestos kugira ngo ikingire uruti rw’ibikoresho.
8. Gucungera ibidukikije bishobora gusenyuka
Ico bita ibidukikije gifise ubwoko bubiri bw’insobanuro yagutse n’insobanuro ndende, insobanuro yagutse y’ibidukikije yerekeza ku bidukikije bikikuje aho umuvuduko w’amazi ushirwa n’aho umuyagankuba ugendagenda imbere, insobanuro ndende y’ibidukikije na yo yerekeza ku mibereho ikikuje aho umuvuduko ushirwa.
Ibidukikije vyinshi ntibishobora kugenzurwa, kandi uburyo bwo guhingura ntibushobora guhindurwa ata co buvuze. Mu gihe gusa ata co vyononekaye ku gicuruzwa no ku nzira, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije burashobora gukoreshwa, nk’ugukuraho umwuka w’ikirere mu mazi y’ibitoro, kwongerako alkali mu nzira yo gusukura amavuta kugira ngo utunganye agaciro ka PH, n’ibindi. ibidukikije.
Ikirere cuzuye inkungugu, umwotsi w’amazi n’umwotsi, cane cane mu bidukikije bikorerwamwo, nk’amazi y’umwotsi, imyuka y’ubumara n’ifu nziza cane isohoka mu bikoresho, ivyo bikaba bizotuma iyo valve igira ububabare butandukanye. Uwukoresha iyo valve akwiye gusukura no gusukura iyo valve ubudasiba no kuyishiramwo amavuta ubudasiba hakurikijwe ingingo z’uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, ivyo bikaba ari ingero nziza yo kugenzura ukuntu ibidukikije bishobora gusenyuka. Gushiramwo igipfukisho co gukingira ku nzira y’umupfunda, gushiramwo iriba ry’ubutaka ku muvuduko wo hasi, no gutera irangi ku ruhande rw’umupfunda ni uburyo bwose bwo gukingira ibintu bishobora gusenyura .umuvuduko.
Ukwongerekana kw’ubushuhe bwo mu bidukikije n’uguhumana kw’ikirere, cane cane ku bikoresho n’ibikoresho vyo mu mazi biri mu bidukikije vyugarijwe, bizotuma vyihuta gusenyuka, kandi amasengesho yuguruye canke uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka no gukonjesha bikwiye gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kwose kugira ngo ibidukikije bigabanye gusenyuka.
9. Kunoza ubuhinga bwo gutunganya n'imiterere y'amavalve
Uburinzi bwo kurwanya uburozi bw’umuvudukoni ingorane yarihwejwe kuva mu ntango y’uguhingura, kandi igikoresho c’ivyuma gifise umugambi w’imiterere ubereye be n’uburyo bwo gukora bubereye nta gukeka ko kizogira ingaruka nziza ku kugabanya ukubora kw’ivyuma. Ku bw’ivyo, igisata kijejwe guhingura n’uguhingura ibintu gikwiye gutera imbere mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu, bidakwiriye mu buryo bwo kubikora kandi vyoroshe gutuma bimera, kugira ngo bihure n’ivyo bisabwa mu bihe bitandukanye vy’akazi.
Igihe co gutangaza: 22 Munyonyo-2025
