Umuvuduko w'iremboni umupfunda w’intumbero rusangi usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi. Ikoreshwa cane cane mu bijanye no kuzigama amazi, mu gukora ivyuma n’izindi nganda. Ivyo ikora vyinshi vyaremewe n’isoko. Uretse inyigisho y’ivyo bikoresho vy’irembo, ryarakoze kandi inyigisho ikomeye kandi yitonze cane ku bijanye n’ugukoresha no gutorera umuti ingorane z’amavalve y’irembo.
Ibi bikurikira ni ikiganiro rusangi ku mibumbe, ikoreshwa, gutorera umuti ingorane, igenzura ry’uburyo n’ibindi bijanye n’amavalve y'irembo.
1. Imiterere
Imiterere y'ivyoumuvuduko w'irembo: muumuvuduko w'iremboni umupfunda ukoresha isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’umupfunda kugira ngo ugenzure ugufungura n’ugufunga.Umuvuduko w'iremboahanini igizwe n’umubiri w’ivyuma, icicaro c’ivyuma, isahani y’irembo, uruti rw’ivyuma, igipfukisho, isandugu yo gushiramwo ibintu, igihimba co gupakira, ivyuma vy’ivyuma, uruziga rw’amaboko n’ibindi. Bivanye n’uguhinduka kw’aho urugi ruri hagati y’irembo n’intebe y’ibarabara, ubunini bw’umuyoboro burashobora guhinduka kandi umuyoboro urashobora gucika. Kugira ngo .umuvuduko w'irembofunga neza, ahantu h’uguhuza kw’isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’ibarabara ni hasi.
Dushingiye ku miterere itandukanye y’imiterere y’amavalve y'irembo, amavalve y’irembo ashobora guca mu bwoko bw’ivyuma n’ubwoko bw’ivyuma bihuye.
Irembo ry'urusengaumuvuduko w'iremboni nk’urusenga, kandi ahantu h’ugukingira hakora imfuruka y’urusenga n’umurongo wo hagati w’umuyoboro, kandi urusenga ruri hagati y’irembo n’intebe y’ibarabara rukoreshwa kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku gukingira (ugufunga). Igipande c’urusenga gishobora kuba impfizi imwe canke impfizi zibiri.
Ivyumba vy’ugukingira vy’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’uruzitiro ruringaniye birahuye kandi bihagaze ku murongo wo hagati w’umuyoboro, kandi hari ubwoko bubiri: bufise uburyo bwo kwagura n’ubutagira uburyo bwo kwagura. Hariho intama zibiri zifise uburyo bwo gukwiragiza. Igihe izo mpfizi z’intama zimanuka, ibipfukisho vy’izo mpfizi zibiri zihuye zizokwiragiza izo mpfizi zibiri ku ntebe y’ivyo bikoresho ku butaka buhengamye kugira ngo zizibire umuyoboro w’amazi. Iyo impfizi z’intama zidutse zigafunguka, ivyuma n’amarembo bizoca Igipande gihuye c’isahani kiratandukanywa, isahani y’irembo iraduga gushika ku burebure bumwe, kandi ivyuma bishigikirwa n’umukuru ku isahani y’irembo. Iryo rembo ribiri ritagira uburyo bwo kwagura, iyo iryo rembo ryinyereje mu ntebe y’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
Dushingiye ku nzira y’uruti rw’uruzitiro iyo irembo ryuguruwe n’ugufunga, uruzitiro rw’irembo rugabanywamwo ubwoko bubiri: uruzitiro rw’irembo rw’uruzitiro ruduga n’uruzitiro rw’irembo rw’uruzitiro rwihishije. Igiti c’umuvuduko n’isahani y’irembo ry’umuvuduko w’irembo ry’igiti kiduga biraduga bikagwa igihe kimwe iyo bifunguwe canke bifunze; iyo umupfunda w’irembo ry’uruti rwihishije ufunguwe canke ufunze, uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro rurazunguruka gusa, kandi uguterura kw’uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro ntikuboneka, kandi isahani y’uruzitiro iraduga canke ikagwa sports. Inyungu y’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’uruzitiro ruduga ni uko uburebure bw’ugufungura kw’umuyoboro bushobora gucirwa urubanza n’uburebure bw’uruzitiro ruduga, ariko uburebure bw’uruzitiro bushobora kugabanywa. Igihe uhanganye n’uruziga rw’ukuboko canke igikoresho, hindukiza uruziga rw’ukuboko canke igikoresho nk’uko isaha igenda kugira ngo ufunge iyo valve.
2. Ibihe n'ingingo ngenderwako zo guhitamwo amavalve y'irembo
01. Igorofaumuvuduko w'irembo
Ibihe vyo gukoresha umupfunda w'irembo ry'amabuye:
(1) Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amavuta n’iya gazi, umupfunda w’irembo ry’uruzitiro rufise imyobo yo guhindura inzira na wo nyene uroroshe gusukura uwo muyoboro.
(2) Amatiyo n’ibikoresho vyo kubika amavuta atunganijwe.
(3) Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu gukoresha amavuta na gazi.
(4) Amatiyo afise ibikoresho vy’ibice bimanitswe.
(5) Umuyoboro wo gutwara gazi mu gisagara.
(6) Ibikorwa vy’amazi.
Ingingo ngenderwako y'uguhitamwoumuvuduko w'irembo:
(1) Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amavuta n’iya gazi, nukoreshe igipande kimwe canke bibiri .amavalve y'irembo. Niba ari ngombwa gusukura umuyoboro, ukoreshe irembo rimwe rifise umwobo wo guhindura inzira wuguruye uruti rw’irembo ry’uruzitiro.
(2) Ku bijanye n’umuyoboro wo gutwara amavuta n’ibikoresho vyo kubika amavuta atunganijwe, hatoranywa umupfunda w’irembo ry’uruzitiro rufise impfizi imwe canke impfizi zibiri zitagira imyobo yo guhindura inzira.
(3) Ku bijanye n’ibibanza vyo gukuramwo amavuta na gazi, hatoranywa amavalve y’irembo ry’irembo rimwe canke ry’irembo ribiri afise ivyicaro vy’inkoni vyihishije bireremba be n’imyobo yo guhindura inzira.
(4) Ku mirongo y’amazi ifise ivyuma bimanitswe, hatoranywa amavalve y’irembo ry’amabuye ameze nk’imbugita.
(5) Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amazi yo mu bisagara, nukoreshe amavalve y’irembo ry’irembo rimwe canke ry’irembo ribiri ry’inkoni ziduga zifise ikidodo ciyoroshe.
(6) Ku migambi y’amazi yo mu ruzi, hatoranywa amavalve y’irembo rimwe canke abiri afise inkoni zifunguye ata myobo yo guhindura amazi.
02. Igipfukisho c'irembo
Ibihe bishobora gukoreshwa vy’ibarabara ry’irembo ry’ibarabara: Mu bwoko butandukanye bw’ibarabara, ibarabara ry’irembo ni ryo rikoreshwa cane. Muri rusangi irabereye gusa gufungura canke gufunga bimwe bishitse, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya no guhagarika umuvuduko.
Ivyuma vy’amarembo vy’amabarabara bikoreshwa muri rusangi ahantu ata bisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’ingero z’inyuma z’ivyo bikoresho, kandi ivy’ugukoresha birakomeye cane. Nk’akarorero, igikoresho gikoreshwa c’ubushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi bisaba ibice vy’ugufunga kugira ngo bishobore gukingira igihe kirekire, n’ibindi.
Muri rusangi, ivy’ibikorwa canke bisaba kwizigirwa gukingira ibikorwa, umuvuduko munini, umuvuduko munini guca (itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko munini), umuvuduko muto guca (itandukaniro rito ry’umuvuduko), urusaku ruto, cavitation na vaporization, ubushuhe bwinshi hagati, ubushuhe buke (cryogenic), ni vyiza gukoresha Wedge gate valve. Nk’inganda z’amashanyarazi, ugufukura amavuta ya peteroli, inganda zikora amavuta ya peteroli, amavuta yo mu kiyaga, ubuhinga bwo gutanga amazi n’ubuhinga bwo gusukura amazi mabi mu kwubaka ibisagara, inganda zikora imiti n’ibindi ni vyo bikoreshwa cane.
Ingingo ngenderwako y'uguhitamwo:
(1) Ibisabwa ku bijanye n’ibiranga amazi y’ivyuma. Ivyuma vy’amarembo bitoranywa kubera ibihe vy’akazi bifise ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’amazi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutemba, ibiranga neza gutemba, n’ibisabwa bikomeye vyo gukingira.
(2) Ubushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Nk’umuriro w’inguvu nyinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi n’amavuta y’inguvu nyinshi.
(3) Ubushuhe buke (cryogenic) buringaniye. Nk’amazi y’amoniya, amazi y’ihydrogène, oxygène y’amazi n’ibindi bimenyeshamakuru.
(4) Umuvuduko muto n’umurongo munini. Nk’ibikorwa vy’amazi, ibikorwa vyo gusukura amazi mabi.
(5) Aho uzoshira: Iyo uburebure bwo gushiramwo ari buke, nuhitemwo umupfundikizo w’irembo ry’uruti rwihishije; iyo uburebure butabujijwe, uhitemwo umupfunda w’irembo ry’uruzitiro rwerekanwa.
(6) Amavalve y’amarembo y’ivyuma ashobora gukoreshwa gusa iyo ashobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gufungura canke mu gufunga bimwe bishitse, kandi ntashobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura no guhagarika umuvuduko.
3. Amakosa asanzwe n’ugutunganywa
01. Amakosa asanzwe n’ibituma .amavalve y'irembo
Inyuma y’ahoumuvuduko w'iremboni ikoreshwa, kubera ingaruka z’ubushuhe buringaniye, umuvuduko, ugusenyuka n’uguhinduka kw’ibihimba bitandukanye bikorana, ingorane zikurikira zirakunda gushika.
(1) Gusohoka: Hari ubwoko bubiri, ni ukuvuga ugusohoka hanze n’ugusohoka imbere. Ivyo gusohoka biva hanze y’ibarabara vyitwa ivyo gusohoka hanze, kandi ivyo gusohoka hanze bikunze kuboneka mu masandugu y’ugushiramwo ibintu no mu bifatanya amabarabara.
Impamvu z’ugusohoka kw’agasandugu k’ibintu vy’ugushiramwo: ubwoko canke uburyo bw’ibintu vy’ugushiramwo ntibuhuye n’ibisabwa; ivy’ugushiramwo birashaza canke uruti rw’ibarabara rwarashaje; igihimba co gupakira kirarekuye; ubuso bw’uruti rw’ivalve burakozweko.
Impamvu zituma amazi asohoka ku nzira y’ugufatanya: Ibikoresho canke ubunini bw’igipfukisho ntibihuye n’ibisabwa; uburyo bwo gutunganya ivy’imbere mu gukingira flange ni bubi; amabouti y’uguhuza ntafatwa neza; ivyerekeye imiyoboro ntibibereye, kandi umuzigo w’inyongera urenze urugero uraterwa ku nzira y’uguhuza.
Impamvu z’ugusohoka kw’amazi imbere mu muvuduko: Ugusohoka guterwa n’ugufunga kw’umuvuduko ni ugusohoka kw’imbere, guterwa n’ukwononekara kw’ibarabara ry’ugukingira canke umuzi w’uruzitiro rwo gukingira.
(1) Ugusenyuka akenshi ni ugusenyuka kw’umubiri w’ivalve, ku gipfukisho c’ivalve, ku nzira y’ivalve, no ku ruhande rw’ibarabara ry’ibarabara. Ugusenyuka ahanini biterwa n’igikorwa c’ivyo bikoresho, hamwe n’ugusohoka kw’ivyo bita ions biva ku bikoresho vyuzuye n’ivyo gupfuka.
(2) Imirongo: ugukomera canke ugusenyuka kw’aho hantu bishika iyo irembo n’intebe y’ivyuma bigendagenda bihuye n’ibindi bikoresheje umukazo kanaka wo gukorana.
02. Gucungeraumuvuduko w'irembo
(1) Gusanura ivyuka biva hanze y'umuvuduko
Igihe umuntu ariko arafatanya igipapuro, amabouti y’igihimba c’umubiri akwiye kuba ari ku rugero rubereye kugira ngo igihimba c’umubiri ntikihengamire maze kigasiga ikinogo co gufatanya. Mu gihe umuntu ariko arafatanya igipapuro, igiti c’ibarabara gikwiye guhindurwa kugira ngo igipapuro gikikuje igipapuro c’ibarabara kibe kimwe, kandi kigatuma umukazo udakomeye cane, kugira ngo ntugire ico ukoze ku gupfuka kw’igipapuro, ngo wongere gushaza ku gipapuro, kandi kigabanye ubuzima bw’igikoresho. Igipande c’uruti rw’ivalve kirashavuzwa, ivyo bikaba bituma iyo medium yoroha gusohoka. Ishobora gutunganirizwa kugira ngo ikureho imirongo iri ku ruhande rw’uruti rw’ivyuma imbere y’uko ikoreshwa.
Ku bijanye n’ugusohoka kw’amazi ku nzira y’ibarabara, iyo igipfukisho c’ibarabara cononekaye, gikwiye gusubirwamwo; iyo ibikoresho vy’igipfukisho bitoranijwe nabi, hakwiye gutorwa ibikoresho bishobora gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gukoresha; iyo uburyo bwo gutunganya ivy’ugukingira ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama ari bubi, bitegerezwa gukurwaho no gusanurwa. Igipande co gukingirako flange kirasubirwamwo gushika kibereye.
Vyongeye, gukomeza neza amabouti y’amabarabara, gutunganya neza imiyoboro, no kwirinda umuzigo w’inyongera urenze urugero ku mabarabara y’amabarabara, vyose birafasha mu gukingira amazi gusohoka ku mabarabara y’amabarabara.
(2) Gusanura amazi asohoka imbere muri valve
Gusanasana ivyuka biva mu mutima ni ugukuraho ivyononekaye ku ruhande rwo gukingira n’umuzi w’uruzitiro rwo gukingira (igihe uruzitiro rwo gukingira rushizwe ku gipande c’ivyuma canke ku ntebe biciye mu gukanda canke gutera urudodo). Iyo ahantu h’ugukingira hakozwe ata guca ku ruhande ku mubiri w’ibarabara no ku gipande c’ibarabara, nta ngorane y’imizi irekuye n’ugusohoka.
Iyo ahantu h’ugukingira hononekaye cane kandi ahantu h’ugukingira hakozwe n’impeta y’ugukingira, iyo mpeta ya kera ikwiye gukurwaho, hakaba impeta nshasha yo gukingira; iyo igice co gukingira gikoreshwa ata guca ku ruhande ku mubiri w’ibarabara, igice co gukingira cononekaye gikwiye gukurwaho mbere. Kura, hanyuma usye impeta nshasha yo gukingira canke iyo nzira yatunganijwe kugira ngo ibe ahantu heza ho gukingira. Iyo imirongo, ibipfunsi, ibipfunsi, ibipfunsi n’ibindi bikomere biri ku ruhande rwo gukingira biri munsi ya 0,05mm, birashobora gukurwaho mu gusya.
Ivyo gusohoka bishika ku muzi w’uruzitiro rwo gukingira. Igihe impeta yo gukingira ishizweho mu gukanda, shira umugozi wa tetrafluoroethylene canke irangi ryera ryinshi kuumuvudukoicicaro canke hasi y’umurongo w’impeta y’impeta yo gukingira, hanyuma ukande impeta yo gukingira kugira ngo wuzuze umuzi w’impeta yo gukingira; Iyo impeta yo gukingira ipfutse, hagati y’izo ndodo hakwiye gushirwa umugozi wa PTFE canke irangi ryera ryinshi kugira ngo amazi ntasohoke hagati y’izo ndodo.
(3) Gusanasana uburozi bw'amavalve
Mu bihe bisanzwe, umubiri w’ivalve n’igipfukisho c’ivalve birasenyuka bimwe, mu gihe uruti rw’ivalve akenshi rugira imyobo. Igihe umuntu ariko arasanura, ivyo bintu bitera uburozi bikwiye kubanza gukurwaho. Ku bijanye n’igiti c’ivyuma gifise imyobo, gikwiye gukoreshwa ku gikoresho co gukuraho igiti c’ivyuma, hanyuma ugakoresha ikintu co kwuzuza kirimwo ikintu kiva buhoro buhoro, canke ugasukura igiti c’ivyuma n’amazi ayunguruwe kugira ngo ukureho ikintu co kwuzuza gishobora gutera ingorane igiti c’ivyuma. ions zishobora gutera uburozi.
(4) Gusanura imikovu iri ku ruhande rw’ikidodo .
Mu gihe ukoresha iyo valve, gerageza gukingira ko ahantu h’ugukingira hatagira imirongo, kandi umuvuduko ntukwiye kuba munini cane igihe ufunga iyo valve. Iyo ahantu h’ikidodo hakozweko imirongo, harashobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe ugusya.
4. Gutahuraumuvuduko w'irembo
Mu bidukikije vy’isoko n’ivyo abakoresha bakeneye, icuma .amavalve y'iremboni vyo bifise igice kinini. Nk’umugenzuzi w’uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa, uretse kuba umenyereye gusuzuma uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa, utegerezwa kandi kuba utahura neza igicuruzwa ubwaco.
01. Ishingiro ryo kumenya ivyuma .umuvuduko w'irembo
Ivyumaamavalve y'irembobirageragezwa bishingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y’igihugu GB/T12232-2005 “Ivyuma vy’amababa .amavalve y'iremboku bijanye n’amavalve rusangi”.
02. Ibintu vyo gusuzuma vy’icumaumuvuduko w'irembo
Ahanini birimwo: ibimenyetso, uburebure buke bw’uruhome, igerageza ry’umuvuduko, igerageza ry’igikoko, n’ibindi Muri ivyo, uburebure bw’uruhome, inguvu, n’igerageza ry’igikoko ni ibintu bikenewe vyo gusuzuma n’ibintu nyamukuru. Iyo hariho ibintu bidakwiriye, birashobora gucirwa urubanza ata guca ku ruhande nk'ibintu bidakwiriye .
Muri make, ugusuzuma uburyo ibintu bimeze ni co kintu gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose mu gusuzuma ibintu vyose, kandi akamaro kavyo karagaragara. Nk’abakozi b’igenzura ry’imbere, dutegerezwa kwama dukomeza uburyo bwacu bwite, atari kugira ngo dukore akazi keza gusa mu gusuzuma ibintu, ariko kandi kugira ngo Ni mu kugira ugutahura ibintu bigenzurwa gusa dushobora gukora akazi keza ko gusuzuma.
Igihe co gutangaza: 31 Ntwarante 2023
