Muumuvuduko w'iremboni umuvuduko rusangi usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi. Ikoreshwa cane cane mu bijanye no kuzigama amazi, mu gukora ivyuma n’izindi nganda. Ikoreshwa ryayo ryinshi ryaremewe .zed n’isoko. Mu myaka myinshi y’uburyo n’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura no kugerageza, umwanditsi ntiyakoze ubushakashatsi bumwe bumwe gusa ku bijanye no kumenya umurongo w’irembo, ariko kandi n’ugukoresha umurongo w’irembo, narakoze ubushakashatsi bwitondewe kandi bwitondewe cane .
Ibi bikurikira ni ikiganiro rusangi ku mibumbe, ikoreshwa, gutorera umuti ingorane, isuzuma ry’uburyo n’ibindi bijanye n’ibarabara ry’irembo.
Igishushanyo
Imiterere y'ivyoumuvuduko w'irembo: Muumuvuduko w'iremboniumuvudukoiyo ikoresha isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’ivyuma kugira ngo igenzure ukuntu yugururwa n’ukuntu yugara. Muumuvuduko w'iremboahanini igizwe n'umubiri w'umuvuduko, icicaro c'umuvuduko, isahani y'irembo, uruti rw'umuvuduko, igipfukisho c'umuvuduko, ikete ry'ugupakira, igipfukisho c'umuvuduko wo gupakira, umugozi w'umuvuduko, ukuboko-uruziga, n’ibindi Bivanye n’uguhinduka kw’aho urugi ruri hagati y’irembo n’intebe y’ibarabara, ubunini bw’umuyoboro burashobora guhinduka kandi umuyoboro urashobora gucika. Kugira ngo umupfunda w’irembo ufunge neza, isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’umupfunda birashirwa hasi.
Dushingiye ku buryo butandukanye bw’imiterere y’ibarabara ry’irembo, ibarabara ry’irembo rishobora guca mu mice ibiri: ibarabara ry’ibarabara n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
Igipande c’irembo c’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’uruzitiro kiri mu buryo, kandi ahantu h’ugukingira harahengamye ku murongo wo hagati w’umuyoboro. Igipande kiri hagati y’isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’ivyuma gikoreshwa mu gufunga (gufunga). Igipande c’urusenga gishobora kuba irembo rimwe canke irembo ribiri.
Igipande co gukingira c’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’uruzitiro ruringaniye kandi ruringaniye n’umurongo wo hagati w’umuyoboro. Igabanywemwo ubwoko bubiri: uburyo bufunguye n’uburyo butafunguye. Hariho irembo ribiri rifise uburyo bufunguye. Iyo irembo rimanutse, ibipande vy’amarembo abiri ahuye birashigikira ayo marembo abiri ari ku ntebe y’ivyuma vy’amazi ku mfuruka maze bikaca umuyoboro w’amazi. Iyo irembo riduze rikaguruka, igiti c’umuhoro n’irembo bikorana n’irembo biratandukana, irembo rikaduga gushika ku burebure bumwe, maze igiti c’umugozi kigafatwa hejuru n’ico gipfukisho Igipande c’irembo kigira kabiri ata buryo bufunguye. Iyo isahani y’irembo inyerera mu ntebe y’ibarabara ku mpande zibiri zihuye z’intebe y’ibarabara, umukazo w’amazi ukoreshwa mu gukanda isahani y’irembo ku mubiri w’ibarabara ku ruhande rw’isohoka ry’ibarabara kugira ngo amazi asohoke.
Dushingiye ku nzira zitandukanye z’uruti rw’uruzitiro iyo irembo ryuguruwe n’aho ryugarijwe, uruzitiro rw’irembo rugabanywamwo ibice bibiri: uruzitiro rw’irembo rwuguruye n’uruzitiro rw’irembo rw’umwiza. Iyo uruti rw’ibarabara n’isahani y’irembo ry’ibarabara ry’irembo ry’ibarabara ryuguruye bifunguwe canke bifunze, biraduga bikagwa icarimwe; iyo umupfunda w’irembo ry’umwiza wuguruwe canke ufunze, uruti rw’umupfunda rurazunguruka gusa, ukuduga n’ugugwa kw’umupfunda ntibishobora kuboneka, kandi igipande c’umupfunda kiraduzwa canke kigamanuka. Inyungu y’uruzitiro rw’irembo ryuguruye ni uko rushobora gucira urubanza uburebure bw’ugufungura kw’umuyoboro biciye ku burebure buduga bw’uruti rw’uruzitiro, ariko rushobora kugabanya uburebure bw’ugutunga. Igihe uhanganye n’ukuboko .-uruziga canke igikoresho, hindukiza ukuboko-uruziga canke igikoresho gifata nk’uko isaha igenda, maze iyo valve igafunga.
Igihe n’ingingo ngenderwako y’uguhitamwo gukoresha umupfunda w’irembo rya kabiri:
01 igorofaumuvuduko w'irembo
Ikoreshwa ry'umuvuduko w'irembo ry'uruzitiro:
(1) Imiyoboro y’amavuta na gazi, amavalve y’amarembo asongoye afise imyobo yo guhindura inzira na vyo nyene birabereye gusukura imiyoboro.
(2) Imiyoboro y’amazi n’ibikoresho vyo kubika amavuta atunganijwe.
(3) Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu gukura amavuta na gazi.
(4) Amatiyo afise ibikoresho vy’ibihimba bimanitswe.
(5) Umuyoboro wo gutwara gazi mu bisagara.
(6) Umugambi wo gutanga amazi.
Ingingo ngenderwako y'uguhitamwo umupfunda w'irembo:
(1) Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amavuta na gazi, nuhitemwo amavalve y’amarembo asongoye afise amarembo amwe canke abiri. Niba ukeneye gusukura umuyoboro, hitamwo umupfunda w’irembo ry’ibarabara rifise irembo rimwe rifise umwobo wo guhindura inzira.
(2) Ku bijanye n’umuyoboro wo gutanga amavuta n’ibikoresho vyo kubika amavuta atunganijwe, nuhitemwo irembo rimwe ritagira umwobo wo guhindura inzira canke irembo ry’uruzitiro rusanzwe rufise irembo ribiri.
(3) Ku bikoresho vyo gukura amavuta na gazi, nuhitemwo irembo rimwe rifise intebe y’ivyuma bireremba vy’inkoni y’umwirabura bifise umwobo wo guhindura inzira canke ivyuma vy’irembo bigororotse bifise irembo ribiri.
(4) Ku miyoboro ifise ibikoresho vy’ibihimba bimanitswe, nuhitemwo umupfundikizo w’irembo ry’isahani rifise ishusho y’icumu.
(5) Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amazi yo mu bisagara, nuhitemwo irembo rimwe canke irembo ribiri ry’ikidodo gifunguye inkoni yuguruye.
(6) Ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gutanga amazi, uhitemwo isahani y’irembo rimwe canke isahani y’irembo ribiri idafise umwobo wo guhindura inzira.
02 umugoziumuvuduko w'irembo
Igihe co gukoresha umupfunda w’irembo ry’uruzitiro: Mu bwoko butandukanye bw’imipfunda, umupfunda w’irembo ni wo ukoreshwa cane. Muri rusangi irabereye gusa gufungura canke gufunga bimwe bishitse, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya no guhagarika umuvuduko.
Igikoresho co gupfuka irembo ry’uruzitiro gikoreshwa muri rusangi mu bibanza ata bisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’ubunini bw’inyuma bw’ico gipfukisho, kandi ivy’ugukoresha birakomeye cane. Nk’akarorero, ku bikoresho bikoreshwa n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi, bisaba ko ibice vyugaye bipfutse igihe kirekire.
Muri rusangi, iyo ivyangombwa vy’ikoreshwa canke ibisabwa vy’ubushobozi bwo gukingira bwizigirwa, umuvuduko munini, umuvuduko munini wo guca (itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko munini), umuvuduko muto wo guca (itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko muto), urusaku ruto, umwobo w’umuyaga n’ikintu c’uguhinduka umwuka, ubushuhe bwinshi hagati, ubushuhe buke (ubukonje bukomeye), biraremeshwa gukoresha ga puncture to pulte. Nk’akarorero, hariho ibikorwa vyinshi mu bijanye n’amashanyarazi, mu gufukura amavuta ya peteroli, mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa peteroli, mu bijanye n’amavuta yo mu kiyaga, mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukora amazi n’ubuhinga bwo gusukura amazi mabi mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi bw’ibisagara, no mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukora imiti.
Ingingo ngenderwako y'uguhitamwo:
(1) Ibisabwa ku bijanye n’ibiranga amazi y’ivyo bikoresho. Igipfukisho c’irembo gikoreshwa mu bihe vy’akazi bifise ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’amazi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guca, ibiranga neza amazi n’ibisabwa bikomeye vyo gukingira.
(2) Ubushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Nk’umwotsi w’umuvuduko munini, ubushuhe bwinshi n’ibintu vy’amavuta vy’umuvuduko munini.
(3) Ubushuhe buke (ubukonje bwinshi) buringaniye. Nk’amazi y’amoniya, amazi y’ihydrogène, oxygène y’amazi n’ibindi bimenyeshamakuru.
(4) Umuvuduko mutoyi kandi munini .ubunini. Nk’imigambi y’amazi yo mu binogo n’imigambi yo gusukura amazi mabi.
(5) Aho ushiramwo: uhitemwo umupfundikizo w’irembo ry’inkoni y’umwiza igihe uburebure bwo gushiramwo ari buke; guhitamwo umupfunda w’irembo ry’inkoni yuguruye igihe uburebure butagira aho bugarukira.
(6) Igihe gusa gishobora gufungurwa canke gupfungwa neza, kandi kidashobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura no guhagarika umuvuduko, ni ho gusa hashobora gutorwa umupfunda w’irembo ry’ugutobora.
Amakosa atatu asanzwe n'ugutunganywa
01 Amakosa asanzwe n'impamvu z'amavalve y'irembo
Inyuma yo gukoresha umupfunda w’irembo, ingorane zikurikira zikunda gushika kubera ubushuhe, umuvuduko, ukuboze n’uguhinduka kw’ibintu vyose bikorana.
(1) Gusohoka: Hari ubwoko bubiri, ni ukuvuga ugusohoka hanze n’ugusohoka imbere. Ivyo biva hanze y’ivyo bikoresho vyitwa ivyo biva, kandi ivyo biva ni ibisanzwe mu gasandugu k’ugupakira no mu gufatanya kw’ibarabara.
Impamvu z’ugusohoka kw’agasanduku k’ugupakira: ubwoko canke uburyo bw’ugupakira ntibuhuye n’ibisabwa; gukura kw’ivyo bipfukisho canke ukuntu uruti rw’ivyo bikoresho rusaza; ukubohora kw’igihimba co gupakira; n’ugukaraba ku ruhande rw’uruti rw’ivyuma.
Impamvu z’ugusohoka kw’amazi ku nzira y’ugufatanya: ibikoresho canke ubunini bw’igipfukisho ntibihuye n’ibisabwa; uburyo bwo gutunganya ivy’imbere mu gukingira flange ni bubi; amabouti y’uguhuza aboshe nabi; ivyerekeye imiyoboro ntibihuye n’ubwenge, bikaba bituma habaho imizigo y’inyongera irenze urugero ku nzira y’uguhuza.
Impamvu z’ugusohoka kw’imbere mu gipfukisho: Ugusohoka guterwa n’ugufunga kw’igipfukisho ni ugusohoka kw’imbere, guterwa n’ukwononekara kw’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara canke umuzi w’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
(1) Ugusenyuka ni kenshi ugusenyuka kw’umubiri w’ibarabara, igipfukisho c’ibarabara, uruti rw’ibarabara n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara. Ugusenyuka ahanini biterwa n’igikorwa c’ivyo bikoresho, be n’ugusohoka kw’iyon mu bikoresho vy’ugushiramwo n’ivyo gupfuka.
(2) Gukaraba: gukurura canke gusenyuka ku ruhande rw’aho hantu bishika iyo isahani y’irembo n’intebe y’ivyuma biri mu nzira y’ugukorana mu gihe c’inguvu zimwe zimwe z’ugukorana.
02 Gucungera umupfunda w'irembo
(1) Gusanura ivyuka biva hanze vy'umuvuduko
Igihe umuntu akanda ku kintu co kwuzuza, umugozi wo hejuru w’igihimba c’irondoka ukwiye gupimwa kugira ngo igihimba c’irondoka ntikihengamire, hasigare ikinogo co gukanda. Igihe umuntu ariko arakanda igikoresho co kwuzuza, igiti c’ivyuma gikwiye guhindurwa kugira ngo igikoresho co kwuzuza gikikuje igiti c’ivyuma kibe kimwe kandi ntikigire umukazo upfa, kugira ngo ntigigire ico gikoze ku guhinduka kw’igiti c’ivyuma, ngo kigire igikoresho co kwuzuza kigume kigabanutse, kandi kigabanye ubuzima bw’igikoresho. Igipande c’uruti rw’ivalve kirashavuzwa, ku buryo iyo medium yoroha gusohoka. Ishobora gutunganirizwa kugira ngo ikureho imirongo iri ku ruhande rw’uruti rw’ivyuma imbere y’uko ikoreshwa.
Ku bijanye n’ugusohoka kw’ihuriro ry’ibarabara, iyo igipfukisho c’ibarabara cononekaye, gikwiye gusubirwamwo; iyo igikoresho co gukingira igipfukisho kitatoranijwe neza, igikoresho gishobora gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gukoresha gikwiye gutorwa; iyo igice co gukingirako flange kiri mu buryo bubi bwo gutunganya, igice co gukingirako flange gitegerezwa kukurwaho kigasubirwamwo gushika kibereye.
Vyongeye, gukomeza neza amabouti y’ibarabara, gutunganya neza umuyoboro, no kwirinda imizigo myinshi y’inyongera ku nzira y’ibarabara ry’ibarabara, birafasha kugira ngo ntihagire amazi asohoka ku nzira y’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
(2) Gusanasana imbere mu muvuduko w'amazi
Gusanasana ivyuka biva imbere ni ugukuraho ivyonona ku ruhande rw’ikidodo n’ugusenyuka kw’umuzi w’impeta y’ikidodo (igihe impeta yo gukingira ifashe ku gipande c’ivyuma canke ku ntebe y’ivyuma biciye mu gukanda canke urudodo). Iyo ahantu h’ugukingira hakoreshejwe ata guca ku ruhande ku mubiri w’ibarabara n’igipande c’ibarabara, nta ngorane y’imizi idakomeye n’ugusohoka.
Iyo ahantu h’ugukingira hononekaye cane kandi ahantu h’ugukingira hakaba hakozwe n’impeta y’ugukingira, iyo mpeta ya kera ikwiye gukurwaho maze igashirwako impeta nshasha yo gukingira; iyo ikibanza co gukingira gikoreshwa ata guca ku ruhande ku mubiri w’ibarabara, ikibanza co gukingira cononekaye gikwiye gukurwamwo ubwa mbere, hanyuma impeta nshasha yo gukingira canke ikibanza co gukingira gikoreshwa kigasendwa kigahinduka ikibanza gishasha co gukingira. Iyo imirongo, ibipfunsi, ibipfunsi, ibipfunsi n’ibindi bikomere vyo ku ruhande rwo gukingira biri munsi ya 0,05mm, birashobora gukurwaho mu gusya.
Umuzi w’impeta y’ikidodo urasohoka. Iyo impeta yo gukingira ikandagijwemwo kandi igashirwamwo, umukanda wa PTFE canke irangi ryera ryinshi rishobora gushirwa hasi mu ntebe y’ivyuma canke mu nzira y’impeta yo gukingira, hanyuma bikandagizwa mu mpeta yo gukingira kugira ngo wuzuze umuzi w’impeta yo gukingira. Iyo impeta yo gukingira ifashe n’urudodo, umukanda wa PTFE canke irangi ryera ryinshi rikwiye gushirwa hagati y’urudodo Ugusohoka hagati y’imirongo.
(3) Gusanasana uburozi bw'amavalve
Muri rusangi, umubiri w’ivalve n’igipfukisho c’ivalve birasenyuka bingana, mu gihe uruti rw’ivalve akenshi rugira ibinogo. Igihe umuntu ariko arasanura, ico kintu gitera ubumara gikwiye kubanza gukurwaho. Ku bijanye n’igiti c’ivyuma gifise imyobo, gikwiye gukoreshwa ku gikoresho co gutera kugira ngo gikureho ugucika intege, guhindurwa kikaja mu gikoresho co kwuzuza kirimwo ikintu kiguma kirekura, canke gusukura igikoresho co kwuzuza n’amazi ayunguruwe kugira ngo hakurwemwo ions ziri mu gikoresho co kwuzuza zifise ingaruka mbi ku giti c’ivyuma.
(4) Gusanura ibikomere biri ku ruhande rw’ikidodo .
Mu gihe co gukoresha iyo valve, ibikomere biri ku ruhande rwo gukingira bikwiye gukingirwa uko bishoboka kwose, kandi umuvuduko ntukwiye kuba munini cane igihe umuntu afunga iyo valve. Nimba ibikomere biri ku ruhande rwo gukingira bishobora gukurwaho biciye mu gusya.
Kumenya amavalve ane y'irembo
Mu bidukikije vy’isoko ry’ubu n’ivyo abakoresha bakeneye, amavalve y’irembo ry’icuma ni yo afise igice kinini. Nk’umugenzuzi w’uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa, uretse kuba umenyereye gupima uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa, ukwiye kandi kugira ugutahura neza igicuruzwa ubwaco.
01 Ishingiro ry'igerageza ry'umuvuduko w'irembo ry'icuma
Ivyo gutahura ivyuma vy’irembo bishingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y’igihugu GB/T12232-2005 ”Ivyuma rusangi vy’irembo ry’ivyuma”.
02 Ibintu vyo gusuzuma umuvuduko w'irembo ry'icuma
Ahanini birimwo: ikimenyetso, * uburebure bw’uruhome ruto, igerageza ry’umuvuduko, igerageza ry’igikoko, n’ibindi Muri vyo, uburebure bw’uruhome, igerageza ry’umuvuduko n’igikoko ni ibintu bikenewe vyo gusuzuma n’ibintu nyamukuru. Iyo hariho ibintu bidakwiriye, birashobora gucirwa urubanza ata guca ku ruhande nk’ibintu bidakwiriye.
Mu ijambo rimwe, isuzuma ry’uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa ni igice gihambaye c’isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa vyose. Akamaro kayo karagaragara. Nk’abakozi bo kugenzura imbere, dutegerezwa kwama dukomeza uburyo bwacu bwite. Ntidukwiye gukora akazi keza gusa mu gusuzuma ibintu, ariko kandi dukwiye kugira ugutahura ibintu bigenzurwa, kugira ngo dushobore gukora neza akazi keza mu gusuzuma.
Igihe co gutanga: 23 Ntwarante 2023
