Incamake
Igikoresho co kugenzura ni igice co kugenzura mu buryo bwo gutwara amazi, gifise ibikorwa vyo guca, gutegeka, guhindura, gukingira gusubira inyuma, guhagarika umuriro, guhindura canke gusesagura no gukuraho umuvuduko. Ivyuma bigenzura inganda bikoreshwa cane cane mu kugenzura ibikorwa mu bikoresho vy’inganda kandi biri mu nganda zikora ibikoresho, ibikoresho n’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha.
1. Igikoresho co kugenzura gisa n’ukuboko kw’ururobo mu gihe co gukora ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha mu nganda, kandi ni co gikoresho ca nyuma co guhindura ibintu nk’urugero rw’amazi, umuvuduko, ubushuhe, n’urugero rw’amazi. Kubera ko ikoreshwa nk’igikoresho co gukoresha mu gucungera ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bw’inganda, igikoresho co kugenzura, kizwi kandi kw’izina rya “igikoresho co gukoresha”, ni kimwe mu bikoresho nyamukuru vyo guhingura ibintu vy’ubwenge.
2. Igikoresho co kugenzura ni co gice nyamukuru c’ishimikiro c’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha mu nganda. Urugero rw’iterambere ry’ubuhinga bwayo rwerekana ata guca ku ruhande ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo gukora ibikoresho vy’ishimikiro n’urugero rwo guhindura inganda mu buryo bushasha. Ni ikintu gikenewe kugira ngo inganda z’ishimikiro n’inganda zazo zikoreshwa mu nzira y’amaja hasi zishobore gushika ku bwenge, gukorana n’ibindi bikoresho n’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha. . Ivyuma bigenzura muri rusangi bigizwe n’ibikoresho bikora n’ibikoresho, bishobora gushirwa mu migwi bivanye n’igikorwa, ibiranga urugendo, ububasha bukoreshwa n’ibikoresho bikoresha, urugero rw’umuvuduko, n’urugero rw’ubushuhe.
Uruhererekane rw'inganda
Ivyuma vyo hejuru vy’inganda y’amavalve y’ubugenzuzi ni ahanini ivyuma, ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bitandukanye vy’ugucukura, ibikoresho vy’ugucukura, ibikoresho vyo gufatanya n’ibindi bikoresho vy’inganda. Hariho ibigo vyinshi vyo mu majyaruguru, uguhiganwa guhagije n’ugutanga bihagije, ivyo bikaba bitanga ivyiza vy’ishimikiro vyo guhingura ibigo vy’amavalve y’ubugenzuzi; Ibikorwa vyinshi vyo mu mazi, harimwo ivy’amavuta, ivy’ubuhinga bwa peteroli, ivy’imiti, ivy’impapuro, ivy’ugukingira ibidukikije, ivy’inguvu, ivy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ivy’ubucukuzi bw’ivyuma, ivy’ubuvuzi n’izindi nganda.
Dufatiye ku bijanye n’ugusangira igiciro c’ibikorwa:
Ibikoresho vya mbere nk’ivyuma, ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho vy’ugucukura bifise ibice birenga 80%, n’ibiciro vyo kubikora bifise ibice nka 5%.
Igihugu gikomeye cane gikoresha ama valve y’ubugenzuzi mu Bushinwa ni inganda zikora imiti, zifise ibice birenga 45%, zikurikirwa n’inganda zikora amavuta na gazi n’amashanyarazi, zifise ibice birenga 15%.
Kubera ko ubuhinga bwo kugenzura inganda bwateye imbere mu myaka iheze, ugukoresha amavalve yo kugenzura mu gukora impapuro, mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, mu vyo kurya, mu gukora imiti no mu bindi bikorwa na vyo nyene biriko biratera imbere cane.
Ubwinshi bw'inganda
Iterambere ry’inganda ry’Ubushinwa rirabandanya gutera imbere, kandi urugero rw’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha mu nganda rurabandanya gutera imbere. Mu mwaka w’2021, agaciro k’inganda z’Ubushinwa kazoshika ku ma yuan 37,26 trillions, n’iterambere ry’ibice 19,1%. Nk’igice c’ubugenzuzi bw’iherezo c’uburyo bwo kugenzura inganda, gukoresha umurongo w’ubugenzuzi bw’inganda mu buryo bwo kugenzura inganda biratuma uburyo bwo kugenzura buguma buhagaze neza, bukora neza kandi bukora neza. Dushingiye ku makuru y’ishirahamwe ry’inganda z’ibikoresho ry’i Shanghai: mu mwaka w’2021, igitigiri c’ibigo vy’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura ibikoresho vy’inganda mu Bushinwa kizorushirizaho kwiyongera gushika ku 1.868, n’amahera yinjiye angana na miliyari 368,54 z’amayuan, ni ukuvuga ko umwaka ku wundi wiyongera 30,2%. Mu myaka iheze, umusaruro w’amavalve y’ubuhinga bwo gucungera inganda mu Bushinwa waragwiriye umwaka ku wundi, uva ku miliyoni 9,02 mu 2015 uja ku miliyoni nka 17,5 mu 2021, n’iterambere ry’umwaka ry’ibice 6,6%. Ubushinwa bwacitse kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye kw’isi bikora ama valve y’ubuhinga bwo gucungera amazi.
Ivyo gusaba amavalve y’inganda mu nganda ziri munsi nk’ivy’imiti n’ivy’amavuta na gazi birabandanya kwiyongera, ahanini bikaba birimwo ibintu bine: imigambi mishasha y’ishoramari, uguhindura mu buryo bw’ubuhinga imigambi isanzweho, gusubirira ibikoresho vy’inyuma, n’ibikorwa vyo gusuzuma no gusanasana. Mu myaka iheze, igihugu carahinduye imiterere y’inganda, gihindura n’ubutunzi. Uburyo bw’iterambere n’uguteza imbere cane ingingo zo kuzigama inguvu no kugabanya ivyuka bihumanya ikirere biragira ingaruka zigaragara ku bijanye n’ishoramari ry’imigambi n’ivyo inganda ziri munsi y’ubutaka zikeneye. Ikindi, uguhindura no gusubirira ibikoresho bisanzwe be n’ibikorwa vyo kugenzura no kubibungabunga na vyo nyene vyatumye habaho ugushaka gukomeye kw’iterambere ry’iyo nganda. Mu mwaka w’2021, urugero rw’isoko ry’ibikoresho vy’ubugenzuzi bw’inganda ry’Ubushinwa ruzoba nk’amamiliyaridi 39,26 y’amayuan, ni ukuvuga ko umwaka ku wundi wongerekanye ibice birenga 18%. Inganda zifise inyungu nyinshi cane kandi zifise inyungu ikomeye.
Igishushanyo c'ikigo
igihugu canje c'inganda zigenzura isoko ry'amahiganwa rishobora guca mu nzego zitatu,
Mu isoko ry’ibintu vy’agaciro gatoyi, ibimenyetso vyo mu gihugu vyarashoboye gushitsa bimwe bishitse ivyo isoko risaba, uguhiganwa ni ugukomeye, kandi ubumwe burakomeye cane;
Mu isoko ryo hagati, amashirahamwe yo mu gihugu afise urugero rwo hejuru rw’ubuhinga aserukiraIgikoresho co gukingira amazi co muri Tianjin TangguIshirahamwegufata igice c’umugabane w’isoko;
Mu isoko ry’ibintu vy’agaciro kanini: igipimo c’ukwinjira kw’ibicuruzwa vyo mu gihugu ni gito cane, ivyo bikaba ahanini bifatwa n’ibicuruzwa vyo mu mahanga vy’umurongo wa mbere n’ibicuruzwa vy’abahinga.
Muri iki gihe, abahinguzi bose bo mu gihugu bakuru bacu bacukura amavalve bararonse icemezo ca ISO9001 c’uburyo bwiza n’ibikoresho bidasanzwe (umuyoboro w’umuvuduko) TSG uruhusha rwo guhingura, kandi abahinguzi bamwebamwe barahejeje icemezo ca API na CE, kandi barashobora kwubahiriza ANSI, API, BS, JIS n’ibindi bipimo vy’uguhingura ibintu n’uguhingura ibintu.
Isoko ry’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none ry’igihugu canje ryakwegereye amahinguriro menshi yo hanze kugira ngo yinjire mw’isoko ryo mu gihugu. Kubera inkomezi zikomeye z’amahera, ishoramari rinini ry’ubuhinga n’ubumenyi bwinshi, amashirahamwe y’amahanga ni yo ari ku mwanya wa mbere mw’isoko ry’ibikoresho vy’ubugenzuzi, cane cane isoko ry’ibikoresho vy’ubugenzuzi vy’agaciro kanini.
Muri iki gihe, hariho umubare munini w’abahinguzi b’ibikoresho vyo gucungera amazi bo mu gihugu, muri rusangi ari bato mu rugero kandi bafise inganda nke, kandi hariho itandukaniro rigaragara n’abahiganwa bo hanze. Kubera ko hariho iterambere rikomeye mu buhinga bwo gucungera amavalve y’inganda zo mu gihugu, umugenzo wo gusubirira ibintu biva hanze ibintu vy’agaciro kanini ntushobora gusubira inyuma. .
DIterambere
Igihugu canje c'ubuhinga bwo kugenzura inganda gifise ibi bintu bitatu bikurikira vy'iterambere:
1. Ukwizigirwa kw'ibicuruzwa n'uguhindura neza bizokwongereza
2. Igipimo co guhindura ibintu mu gihugu kizokwongerekana, kandi ugusubirira ibintu biva hanze bizokwongereza, kandi n’ugushira hamwe kw’inganda kuzokwongerekana
3. Ikorabuhanga ry'inganda rikunda kuba ry'urugero, ry'ibice, ry'ubwenge, ry'ubumwe kandi ry'uruja n'uruza
Igihe co gutangaza: 07 Nyakanga 2022
