None valve ikora iki?

Valve ni ikintu gifatanya n’imiyoboro gikoreshwa mu gufungura no gufunga imiyoboro, kugenzura iyo amazi agenda, gutunganya no kugenzura ibipimo (ubushuhe, umuvuduko n’urugero rw’amazi) vy’ivyo bikoresho birungikwa. Dushingiye ku gikorwa cayo, ishobora guca mu bice vy’ugufunga,gusuzuma ama valve, amavalve atunganya, n’ibindi.

Ivyuma ni ibihimba bigenzura mu buryo bwo gutwara amazi, bifise ibikorwa vyo gufunga, gutegeka, guhindura, gukingira gusubira inyuma, gutuma umuvuduko udahinduka, guhindura canke gukuraho umuvuduko w’amazi aseseka. Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu gucungera amazi biva ku bikoresho vyoroshe vyo gufunga gushika ku bikoresho bikomeye cane bikoreshwa mu bikoresho vy’ugucungera amazi vyikoresha.

Ivyo bikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura uruja n’uruza rw’ubwoko butandukanye bw’amazi nk’umuyaga, amazi, umwotsi, ibintu bitandukanye bishobora gutera ubumara, amavuta, amavuta, ivyuma bifise amazi n’ibintu bitera ubumara. Dushingiye ku bikoresho, izo valve na zo nyene zigabanywamwo .amavalve y'icuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma bicuzwe, ivyuma vy’ivyuma bitagira ibara (201, 304, 316, n’ibindi), ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bitagira ibara, n’ibindi.

Gushira mu migwi

Kubera ibikorwa n'ikoreshwa

(1) Igikoresho co gufunga

Ubwo bwoko bw’ivyuma bukoreshwa mu gufungura no gufunga. Ishirwa ubudasiba mu nzira yinjira n’aho isohokera amazi y’ubukonje n’ubushuhe, aho ibikoresho binjira n’aho isohokera, no mu murongo w’amashami y’imiyoboro (harimwo n’ibiduga), kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa nk’umupfundikizo wo gukura amazi n’umupfundikizo wo kurekura umuyaga. Ivyo gufunga bikunze gukoreshwa birimwoamavalve y'irembo, amavalve y’umubumbe, amavalve y’umupira n’amavalve y’ibinyugunyugu.

Ivyuma vy'irembobirashobora guca mu nkoni yuguruye n’inkoni y’umwirabura, intama imwe n’impfizi ibiri, intama y’intama y’uruzitiro n’intama y’intama iri kumwe, n’ibindi. Ingano y’umubiri w’ibarabara ni ntoyi ku bijanye n’aho amazi atemba, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi ni buto, kandi umurongo w’ibarabara ry’irembo ni munini.

Dushingiye ku nzira y’uruja n’uruza rw’ivyo bikoresho, iyo nzira y’umuyagankuba igabanywamwo ubwoko butatu: ubwoko bugororotse, ubwoko bw’imfuruka y’iburyo n’ubwoko bw’uruja n’uruza rugororotse, kandi hariho inkoni zifunguye n’inkoni zifise umwiza. Igipfukisho c’umupfunda w’umubumbe ni ciza kuruta ivy’umupfunda w’irembo, umubiri w’umupfunda ni muremure, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi ni bwinshi, kandi umurongo w’amazi urengeye ni DN200.

Igipfukisho c’umupira ni umupira ufunguye. Igiti c’umupira gikoreshwa n’isahani gituma umupira ufunguka iyo uhagaze ku nzira y’umuyoboro, kandi ugafunga neza iyo uhindukiye 90°. Ico gikoresho c’umupira gifise ubushobozi bumwe bumwe bwo guhindura kandi kirafunga neza.

Igikoresho c'ikinyugunyuguni idisiki izunguruka izunguruka ku mugozi uhagaze w’umurongo w’imiyoboro ihagaze. Iyo indege y’isahani y’ivyuma ihuye n’umurongo w’umuyoboro, irafunguka neza; Iyo indege y’impene iringaniye n’umurongo w’umuyoboro, irafunga neza. Uburebure bw’umubiri w’ivyuma vy’ikinyugunyugu ni buto, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi ni buke, kandi igiciro ni kinini kuruta ic’ivyuma vy’amarembo n’ivy’ivyuma vy’umubumbe.

(2) Suzuma umupfunda

Ubwo bwoko bw’umupfunda bukoreshwa mu gukingira umuvuduko w’amazi gusubira inyuma, kandi bukoresha inguvu z’ubuzima bw’amazi ubwayo kugira ngo yifungure kandi yifunge ubwayo iyo agenda mu nzira iteye kubiri n’iyo. Guhagarara aho ipompo isohokera, aho umutego usohokera, n’ahandi aho amazi asubira inyuma atemerewe. Hari ubwoko butatu bw’ibikoresho vyo gupima: ubwoko bw’ugufungura buzunguruka, ubwoko bwo guterura n’ubwoko bw’ugufatanya. Ku bijanye n’ibikoresho vyo gupima amazi bigenda bizunguruka, amazi ashobora kuva ibubamfu aja iburyo gusa, agaca yifunga iyo agenda mu buryo bunyuranye. Ku bikoresho vyo gupima uguterura, iyo nzira iraduga kugira ngo ireme inzira uko amazi ava ibubamfu aja iburyo, kandi iyo nzira irafunga iyo ikandagiwe ku ntebe iyo iyo nzira ihindutse. Ku bijanye n’ibarabara ry’ugusuzuma ry’ibarabara, iyo amazi ava ibubamfu aja iburyo, umurongo w’ibarabara urafungurwa kugira ngo ukore inzira, maze umurongo w’ibarabara ukandanywa ku ntebe y’ibarabara maze ugafunga iyo umurongo w’ibarabara uhindutse.

(3) Gutunganyaamavalve

Itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko hagati y’imbere n’inyuma y’ibarabara rirazwi, kandi iyo urufunguruzo rw’urufunguruzo rusanzwe ruhindutse mu rugero runini, urugero rw’amazi ruhinduka gatoyi, kandi iyo rushitse ku rufunguruzo runaka, urugero rw’amazi ruhinduka cane, ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo guhindura buba bubi. Igikoresho co kugenzura gishobora guhindura urugendo rw’uruzitiro kugira ngo gihindure ubushobozi bw’ico gikoresho bwo guhangana n’inzira n’ubunini bw’ikimenyetso, kugira ngo kigere ku ntumbero yo gutunganya igikoresho co gucungera amazi. Ivyuma bigenzura bigabanywamwo ivyuma bigenzura n’amaboko n’ivyuma bigenzura vyikora, kandi hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ivyuma bigenzura n’amaboko canke vyikora, kandi ubushobozi bwavyo bwo guhindura na bwo buratandukanye. Ivyuma vy’ugucungera amazi vyikoresha birimwo ivyuma vy’ugucungera uruja n’uruza vyikoresha n’ivyuma vy’ugucungera umuvuduko w’amazi vyikoresha.

(4) Ubusa

Vacuum harimwo ivyuma vy’umupira vy’ubusa, ivyuma vy’umupira w’ubusa, ivyuma vy’umuyaga vy’umuyaga, ivyuma vy’ubusa vy’umuyaga, n’ibindi.

(5) Ivyicaro vy’intumbero idasanzwe .

Ivyicaro vy’intumbero idasanzwe birimwo amavalve y’ingurube, amavalve y’impwemu, amavalve y’umuyaga, amavalve y’ugusohora umwuka, amayunguruzo, n’ibindi.

Igikoresho co gusohora umwuka ni ikintu gifasha cane mu bijanye n’imiyoboro, gikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’amazi, mu bikoresho vyo gukoresha umuyaga, mu mavuta na gazi, mu miyoboro y’amazi n’iyo gukura amazi. Akenshi ishirwa ku burebure canke ku nkoko itegeka kugira ngo ikuremwo gazi irenze urugero mu muyoboro, itere imbere mu gukoresha neza umuyoboro no kugabanya inguvu zikoreshwa.

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