A igikokovalve ni [1] valve igororotse ifunguka kandi igafunga ningoga, kandi ikoreshwa cane ku bimenyeshamakuru bifise ibice bimanitswe kubera ingaruka zo guhanagura z’uguhinduka hagati y’ibice vy’ikidodo c’ivyuma n’uburinzi bushitse bwo gukorana n’ibimenyeshamakuru bitemba iyo bifunguwe bimwe bishitse. Ikindi kintu gihambaye ni uko vyoroshe kumenyera inyubakwa zifise imirongo myinshi, ku buryo umupfunda umwe ushobora kuronka imirongo ibiri, itatu canke mbere ine itandukanye y’amazi. Ivyo bituma ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amatiyo bworoha, bikagabanya igitigiri c’amavalve akoreshwa, kandi bikagabanya bimwe mu bintu bisabwa gufatanya mu bikoresho.
Uko bikora Valves naigikokoimibiri ifise imyobo nk’ibihimba vy’ugufungura n’ugufunga. Umubiri w’igipfukisho uzunguruka n’uruti [2] kugira ngo ushikire igikorwa co gufungura no gufunga. Ico gipfukisho gitoyi, kitapfutse, gipfutse, na co nyene kizwi kw’izina rya “cocker”. Umubiri w’igipfukisho c’igipfukisho c’igipfukisho ni ahanini nk’igiti c’umugozi (hariho kandi umubiri w’igiti c’umugozi), ukaba uhuye n’uburebure bw’uruzitiro rw’igiti kugira ngo haboneke umubiri w’igiti c’umugozi. Igipfukisho c’amazi ni co ca mbere gikoreshwa, gifise imiterere yoroshe, gifungura n’ugufunga ningoga, kandi kidashobora guhangana n’amazi menshi. Ivyuma bisanzwe vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyishingikiriza ku gukorana ata guca ku ruhande hagati y’umubiri w’ivyuma vyarangije n’umubiri w’ivyuma kugira ngo bikingire, rero ugufunga ni bibi, inguvu zo gufungura no gufunga ni nini, biroroshe kwambara, kandi kenshi bishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gipimo gito (kitarengeye megapascal 1) n’umurongo mutoyi (utari munsi ya 1 occa0 mm).
Cguhindura
Dushingiye ku buryo bw’imiterere, ishobora guca mu bwoko bune: umupfunda w’amazi ushikamye, umupfunda w’amazi wifunga, umupfunda w’amazi n’umupfunda w’amazi ushirwamwo amavuta. Dushingiye ku buryo bw’umurongo, ushobora guca mu bwoko butatu: umuvuduko w’amazi ugororotse, umuvuduko w’amazi uca mu nzira zitatu n’umuvuduko w’amazi uca mu nzira zine. Hariho kandi n’ibipfukisho vy’amazi.
Ivyuma vy’amaplug bishirwa mu migwi hakurikijwe uko bikoreshwa harimwo: ivyuma vy’amaplug vyoroshe, ivyuma vy’amaplug bikomeye vy’amavuta, ivyuma vy’amaplug vy’amapope, ivyuma vy’amaplug vy’inzira zitatu n’inzira zine.
Inyungu
1. Igikoresho co gufunga gikoreshwa mu gukora kenshi, kandi gufungura no gufunga biranyaruka kandi biraremereye.
2. Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi bw’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ni buto.
3. Igikoresho co gupfuka gifise ubuhinga bworoshe, gifise ubunini buto cane, kiremereye kandi kiroroshe gutunganywa.
4. Gukora neza gukingira.
5. Ntibigarukira ku nzira yo gushiramwo, kandi inzira y’uruja n’uruza rw’umurongo ishobora kuba ubusa.
6. Nta guhungabana, urusaku ruto.
Ivyuma vy'irembo vy'ikidodo vyoroshe
Igipfukisho c’irembo ry’ikidodo gipfutse, igipfukisho c’irembo ry’inganda, igipfukisho c’irembo ry’ikidodo gipfutse ibice vy’ugufungura n’ugufunga ni impfizi z’intama, iyo impfizi y’intama igenda iringaniye n’inzira y’amazi, irembo ry’irembo rishobora gusa gufungurwa no gufunga bimwe bishitse, ntibishobora guhindurwa no gufunga umuvuduko. Ico gikoko gifise ibibanza bibiri vyo gukingira, igikoresho gikoreshwa cane c’irembo ry’uruzitiro ibibanza bibiri vyo gukingira bikora uruzitiro, mfuruka y’uruzitiro irahindagurika bivanye n’imirongo y’uruzitiro, umurongo w’izina ni DN50 ~ DN1200, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha: ≤200°C.
Ingingo ngenderwako y'igicuruzwa
Isahani y'irembo y'uruzitiroumuvuduko w'iremboe rishobora guhindurwa ikintu cose, citwa irembo rikomeye; Ishobora kandi guhindurwa impfizi y’intama ishobora gutuma habaho uguhinduka gukeyi kugira ngo ishobore gukorwa neza kandi igasubiza inyuma ukunyuranya kw’umwanya wo ku ruhande rwo gukingira mu gihe c’ugukora, ivyo bikaba vyitwa impfizi y’intama ishobora guhinduka.
Ikidodo corosheamavalve y'irembozigabanywemwo ubwoko bubiri: inkoni yuguruye .irembo ry'ikidodo ryoroshen'inkoni y'umwirabura ikidodo corosheumuvuduko w'irembo. Kenshi na kenshi ku nkoni yo guterura hariho urudodo rw’ibara ry’agahama, ruhindura inyigisho y’uguzunguruka ngo ibe inyigisho y’umurongo biciye ku nkoko iri hagati y’impene n’umurongo w’uburongozi ku mubiri w’ivalve, ni ukuvuga umuvuduko w’ugukora ukaba inkomezi z’ugukora. Iyo iyo valve yuguruwe, iyo uburebure bw’uguterura impfizi y’intama bungana n’incuro 1:1 z’umurongo w’iyo valve, uruja n’uruza rw’amazi ntirushobora guhagarara rwose, ariko iyo nzira ntishobora gukurikiranirwa hafi mu gihe c’ugukora. Mu gukoresha nyavyo, rigaragazwa n’isonga ry’uruti, ni ukuvuga ikibanza kidashobora gufungurwa, nk’aho rifunguye bimwe bishitse. Kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutanga inyishu ku gufunga kubera uguhinduka kw’ubushuhe, akenshi ifungurwa ku kibanza c’isonga hanyuma igasubira inyuma 1/2-1 y’uruziga nk’aho umupfunda wuguruye neza uri. Rero, ikibanza c’umupfunda gifunguye neza kigenwa n’aho impfizi y’intama iri (ni ukuvuga igihimba c’umubiri gitera). Ubwo bwoko bw’amazi muri rusangi bukwiye gushirwa mu buryo buringaniye mu muyoboro.
Ibisabwa rusangi
1. Ivyerekeye n’ivyiciro vy’ivyuma vy'irembo ry'ikidodobikwiye gushitsa ibisabwa mu nyandiko z’imiterere y’imiyoboro.
2. Igishushanyo c’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’ikidodo gikwiye kwerekana umubare w’igihugu usabwa bishingiye kuri rwo. Nimba ari urugero rw’ikigo, insobanuro ibereye y’ico kigereranyo ikwiye kwerekanwa.
3. Igitutu co gukora c’irembo ry'ikidodo ryoroshebisaba umuvuduko w’akazi w’umuyoboro ≥, ataco uhinduye ku giciro, umuvuduko w’akazi uwo muyoboro ushobora kwikorera ugomba kuba munini kuruta umuvuduko nyawo w’umuyoboro, kandi uruhande urwo ari rwo rwose rw’umuvuduko w’irembo ry’ikidodo gikomeye rushobora kwihanganira incuro 1,1 z’agaciro k’umuvuduko w’akazi k’ugusohoka kw’umuyoboro ataco ukora;
4. Igitigiri c’uguhingura c’irembo ry'ikidodo ryoroshevyokwerekana umubare w’igihugu ushingiye kuri wo, kandi nimba ari urugero rw’ishirahamwe, inyandiko y’ishirahamwe ikwiye gushirwa ku masezerano y’amasoko.
Ubwa kabiri, ibikoresho vy'irembo ry'ikidodo ryoroshe
1. Ibikoresho vy’umubiri w’ivalve bikwiye kuba ivyuma bicuzwe, ivyuma bicuzwe, ivyuma bitagira ibara, 316L, kandi urugero n’amakuru nyayo y’igerageza ry’umubiri n’iry’imiti y’icuma gicuzwe bikwiye kwerekanwa.
2. Igikoresho c’uruti gikwiye kwihatira uruti rw’icuma kidashobora gusenyuka (2CR13), kandi umupfunda w’umurongo munini na wo nyene ukwiye kuba uruti rw’icuma rudashobora gusenyuka.
3. Igipfukisho gikozwe mu muringa w’aluminium canke mu muringa w’aluminium, kandi ubukomezi n’ubukomezi biraruta ubw’igiti c’ivyuma.
4. Ubukomezi n’ubukomezi bw’igikoresho co gupfuka igiti ntibikwiye kuba vyinshi kuruta ivy’igiti c’ivyuma, kandi ntibikwiye kubaho ugusenyuka kw’amashanyarazi n’igiti c’ivyuma n’umubiri w’ivyuma iyo umuntu yinjijwe mu mazi.
5. Ibikoresho vyo gukingira
(1) Ubwoko bw’ikidodo coroshe .umuvuduko w'irembos ni zitandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo gukingira n’ibikoresho bisabwa biratandukanye;
(2) Ku bifunguruzo bisanzwe vy’amarembo y’uruzitiro, ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kubishiramwo n’uburyo bwo gusya impeta y’umuringa bikwiye gusigurwa;
(3) Amakuru y’igerageza ry’umubiri n’isuku ry’ivyuma vy’irembo ry’ikidodo ryoroshe be n’ibikoresho vyo gupfuka ivyuma;
6. Gupakira umugozi w'umuvuduko
(1) Kubera ko ikidodo coroshe .umuvuduko w'irembomu ruzitiro rw’imiyoboro akenshi ni ugufungura no gufunga kenshi, ivy’ugupakira bisabwa ko bidakora imyaka myinshi, kandi ivy’ugupakira ntibishaza, kandi ingaruka yo gukingira iragumaho igihe kirekire;
(2) Ivyo bipapuro vy’ivyo bikoresho na vyo nyene bikwiye kuba ivy’ibihe bidahera iyo bifungurwa kenshi bigapfungwa;
(3) Kubera ivyo bisabwa haruguru, igipfukisho c’umugozi w’ivyuma kiragerageza kudasubirizwa ubuzima bwose canke imyaka irenga cumi;
(4) Nimba igipapuro gikeneye gusubirwamwo, igishushanyo c’ico gikoresho gikoreshwa n’umuyaga gikwiye kurimbura ingero zishobora gusubirwamwo mu gihe amazi ari ku rugero rwo hejuru.
Ica gatatu, uburyo bwo gukora bw’ikidodo gikomeyeumuvuduko w'irembo
3.1 Inzira y’ugufungura n’ugufunga kw’irembo ry’ikidodo ryoroshe mu gihe c’ibikorwa ikwiye gupfungwa nk’uko isaha igenda.
3.2 Kubera ko umupfunda w’umuyaga uri mu ruzitiro rw’imiyoboro akenshi ufungurwa n’amaboko, umubare w’ibipimo vyo gufungura no gufunga ntukwiye kuba mwinshi cane, ni ukuvuga ko umupfunda w’umurongo munini na wo nyene ukwiye kuba uri hagati y’ibipimo 200-600.
3.3 Kugira ngo umuntu umwe ashobore gufungura no gufunga, umuvuduko wo gufungura no gufunga ukwiye kuba 240N-m iyo hari umuvuduko w’imiyoboro.
3.4 Iherezo ry’ibikorwa vyo gufungura no gufunga ry’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’ikidodo ryoroshe rikwiye kuba ry’uruzitiro rw’inzira y’inzira, kandi ubunini bwaryo bukwiye kuba buringaniye, kandi bukaba buraba hasi, kugira ngo abantu bashobore gukora bavuye hasi. Amavalve afise amadisiki y’amadisiki ntabereye gukoreshwa mu nzira zo munsi y’ubutaka.
3.5 kugaragaza urupapuro rwo gufungura no gufunga urugero rw'ikidodo gikomeyeumuvuduko w'irembo
(1) Ikimenyetso c’urugero rw’urugero rw’ugufungura n’ugufunga kw’uruzitiro rw’irembo ry’ikidodo ryoroshe gikwiye guterwa ku gipfukisho c’isanduku y’ivyuma canke ku gipfukisho c’idisiki y’iyerekanwa inyuma yo guhindura inzira, vyose bikaba vyerekeye hasi, kandi ikimenyetso c’urugero gikwiye guterwa n’amafosifore kugira ngo kigaragaze ko gikwegera amaso;
(2) Igikoresho c’urushinge rw’idisiki y’ikimenyetso gishobora gukorwa mu gipande c’icuma kitagira ibara mu gihe c’uburongozi bwiza, ahandi ho ni igipande c’icuma gisizwe irangi, kandi ntigikwiye gukorwa mu ruhu rw’aluminiyumu;
(3) Urushinge rw’idisiki y’ikimenyetso rurakwegera amaso, rushizweho neza, iyo ugufungura n’ugufunga bimaze guhindurwa neza, rukwiye gukingirwa n’ibipfukisho.
3.6 Iyo umupfunda w’irembo ry’ikidodo ryoroshe uhambwe ibwina, kandi urugendo hagati y’uburyo bwo gukoresha n’ikigaragaza n’isi ari ≥1.5m, ukwiye kuba ufise ikibanza co gushiramwo inkoni yo kwagura, kandi ukwiye gushirwaho neza kugira ngo abantu bashobore kwihweza no gukoresha bari hasi. Ni ukuvuga ko igikorwa co gufungura no gufunga umupfunda uri mu ruzitiro rw’imiyoboro kitabereye gukoreshwa mu butaka.
Ica kane, ikigeragezo c'ubushobozi bw'ikidodo gikomeyeumuvuduko w'irembo
4.1 Iyo iyo valve ikozwe mu bice vy’ibintu bimwebimwe, ishirahamwe rifise ububasha rikwiye kwizigirwa kugerageza ibikorwa bikurikira:
(1) Inguvu yo gufungura no gufunga umuvuduko w’amazi mu gihe hari umuvuduko wo gukora;
(2) Mu gihe hari umukazo wo gukora, birashobora gutuma ibihe vy’ugufungura n’ugufunga vy’umuvudukogufunga neza;
(3) Kumenya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’uruja n’uruza rw’amazi mu gihe c’ugutwara amazi mu miyoboro.
4.2umuvudukovyogeragezwa nk’uko bikurikira imbere yo kuva mw’ihinguriro:
(1) Iyo umupfunda wuguruwe, umubiri w’umupfunda ukwiye kwihanganira ikigeragezo c’umuvuduko wo mu mutima ukubye kabiri agaciro k’umuvuduko w’akazi k’umupfunda;
(2) Iyo iyo valve ifunze, impande zompi zitwara incuro 1,1 z’agaciro k’inguvu zikora z’iyo valve, kandi nta n’imwe ivuza, mugabo agaciro k’ivuza k’iyo valve y’ikinyugunyugu ipfutse n’icuma ntikaruta ibisabwa bibereye.
Ica gatanu, imbere n'inyuma anti-corrosion y'umuvuduko w'irembo ry'ikidodo
5.1 Imbere n’inyuma y’umubiri w’ivyo bikoresho (harimwo n’agasanduku k’ugutanga umuvuduko uhinduka), imbere ya vyose, hakwiye gukorwa ugutera amasasu, gukuraho umusenyi no gukuraho umugese, kandi ifu y’ivyuma bitagira ubumara bikwiye guterwa n’umuyagankuba, ifise uburebure burenze 0,3mm. Igihe bigoye gutera ibara ry’umuyagankuba ritagira ubumara ku bikoresho binini cane, irangi nk’iryo nyene ritagira ubumara na ryo nyene rikwiye gufukwa no guterwa.
5.2 Imbere mu mubiri w’ivalve n’ibice vyose vy’isahani y’ivalve bisabwa ko bishobora kurwanya uburozi bimwe bishitse, ku ruhande rumwe, ntibizogira umugese iyo bishizwe mu mazi, kandi nta n’uburozi bw’amashanyarazi buzoba hagati y’ivyo vyuma bibiri; Ubwa kabiri, iyo nzira iraryoshe, ku buryo ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi bugabanuka.
5.3 Ibisabwa ku bijanye n’isuku ry’ivyuma canke irangi ry’ivyuma vyo kurwanya uburozi mu mubiri w’ivyuma bitegerezwa kuba bifise raporo y’igerageza ivuye ku buyobozi bubijejwe. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri na vyo nyene bikwiye guhura n’ibisabwa bibereye.
Igihe co gutangaza: Ugushyingo-09-2024
